Ezra Pound and his influence on Literature of the Twentieth Century Research Paper

Ezra Pound and his effect on Literature of the Twentieth Century - Research Paper Example Pound’s commitments to the imagist development were an antithesis to the Georgian writers who moved toward verse in progressively customary terms and rewarded pretty much conventional subjects. His companionship with Richard Aldington and H.D. had an extraordinary impact in his being engaged with this development despite the fact that the essential thought process was a solid conviction in regards to the idea of verse and the job of pictures in improving the current state of verse. Pound’s impact on the imagist development and crafted by different scholars who came after it because of it was massive. The devotion of T.S. Eliot’s perfect work of art, The Wasteland, is to Pound who had altered the piece and proposed changes to its first draft. The contribution of Pound in the abstract exercises of his occasions can be seen through this. Different journalists have additionally discussed their obligation to Pound as he was one of the most transcending figures in writ ing during his time. Indeed, even today, we discover his impacts on verse and furthermore different kinds like the verses of famous tunes where various pictures are burdened together to summon emotions in the peruser or the audience. Various affiliations are called to the brain of the crowd which at that point has an individual understanding to make of the sonnet or the melody. Pound’s verse and his hypotheses in regards to verse additionally urged individuals to make such close to home translations which didn't have to adhere to a specific arrangement of definitions viewing a type as was set by before scholars. This was a piece of the advancements in writing that occurred during the underlying many years of the twentieth century, of which Pound was a significant part. These developments were in an incredible manner answerable for the expansion in the intrigue that individuals felt in verse. With the ascent of the novel as the predominant artistic kind during the nineteenth c entury, verse was to a great extent on the decay. It is to a great extent because of the impacts of Pound and Eliot that verse as a class encountered a recovery that made individuals take a gander at the class in an alternate manner. Verse was made once more as a kind that could mirror the grieved occasions of the First World War. A deserting of the set ideas of structure and structure was utilized to disrupt the peruser and stun him into understanding the unpredictability of the progressions that the human mind was experiencing during this age ever. This prompted charges of lack of definition in the verse of Pound yet it was for the most part the curiosity f his treatment of the class that prompted these. The utilization of pictures was taken up by different pioneers also, for example, Robert Frost, in whose verse we can see the juxtaposition of pictures that would summon complex feelings. The wellspring of these feelings isn't constantly known and the advancement of therapy was ur gent in the improvement of the Imagists’ verse. These thoughts were taken up by different essayists also and the turn of events and development of therapy in the twentieth century was resembled by the development and the wide acknowledgment of the perspectives that were propounded and embraced by Pound. Pound’s compositions and his thoughts have had a huge impact on crafted by post-pioneer journalists also. The non-direct language structure that he utilized in his compositions was a significant effect on

My Role as a Nurse in Canada

Cooperation suggests cooperating for more prominent's benefit, however it really envelops undeniably more. A few preconditions must be set up with the end goal for coordinated effort to be effective. As a medical caretaker in a social insurance setting, coordinated effort is critical to encourage better patient results. During my training in the emergency clinic correspondence is imperative for cooperative nursing to be fruitful. Cooperation is the key for all staff part. Cooperating requires correspondence. As medicinal services experts, we have to take a gander at the entire picture and address the entirety of the issues of our patients.As attendants, it is fundamental that we surrender some force and trust that different individuals from the group are similarly as significant in giving far reaching, quality consideration. In view of that, we will consistently do what is best for our patients, in any event, when that implies giving up some control. I would say I depend on the nursi ng helps as my eyes and ears since they are in the cutting edge yet keeping up proficient jobs. In the job of educator, I am much of the time asked wellbeing, prescription and development and advancement questions.He or she likewise frequently gives extra subtleties on an analysis not exactly comprehended by patient or relatives, the attendant assists customers with finding out about their wellbeing and the human services techniques they have to perform to reestablish or keep up their wellbeing. I survey the client’s adapting requirements and preparation to learn, sets explicit learning objectives related to the customer, establishes encouraging methodologies and measures learning. Another type of job is a Nurse instructor, consolidate clinical mastery and an energy for educating into rich and remunerating careers.These experts, who work in the study hall and the work on setting, are answerable for planning and tutoring present and people in the future of medical caretakers. I have been in the academe for a long time as a Nurse instructors I have a vital job in reinforcing the nursing workforce, filling in as good examples and giving the authority expected to actualize proof based practice. As a medical caretaker teacher I express a high level of fulfillment with my work. Watching future medical attendants develop in certainty and expertise as the most compensating parts of this activity. The medical attendant is a parental figure first and foremost.Nurse Caregiver is the person who give love and care to the individuals that need somebody that can mind not just physical and furthermore the passionate and furthermore the affection that required of the individuals with unique needs and furthermore to the matured individual. I can identify with this job since I have been a guardian previously and it gives me much satisfaction as an attendant to see somebody grins and give appreciation for the careful attention that you give them. Advising is a procedure of helping a customer to perceive and adapt to unpleasant mental or social issues, to created improved relational connections, and to advance individual growth.It includes giving enthusiastic, scholarly, and mental help. In my training as a medical caretaker I experienced bunches of circumstance wherein a patient or relative required directing in regards to wellbeing related issues. As an advocate I give data in regards to their wellbeing related issues and survey how successful are the patient adapting to it, in light of my appraisal that I designed my intercession. At times the medical caretaker must fill in as patient supporter in helping friends and family settle on troublesome choices. Giving training and point by point data with respect to treatment choices is just the beginning.The nurture requests contribution from patient and families. That, what's more, to his/her own perceptions about every patient †and the information from thinking about many different patients †permits the medical caretaker to best make an individualized consideration plan. As a Client advocate I acts to ensure the customer. In this job the medical caretaker I speak to the client’s needs and wishes to other wellbeing experts, for example, transferring the client’s wants for data to the doctor. I likewise help customers in practicing their privileges and assist them with supporting themselves. Correspondence is a basic to all nursing roles.Nurses speak with the customer, bolster people, other wellbeing experts, and individuals in the network. In the job of communicator, medical attendants distinguish customer issues and afterward impart these verbally or recorded as a hard copy to different individuals from the wellbeing group. The nature of a nurse’s correspondence is a significant factor in nursing care. In my training I as a rule speak with other wellbeing proficient in regards to the best mediation for the customer, such as alluding them to a pro or to a social specialist, helping the customer accomplish the ideal wellbeing status possible.The nurture has noteworthy duty as an administrator of designated or allocated exercises. Every individual engaged with this procedure is responsible for their own activities or inaction and is possibly obligated if capable and safe consideration isn't given. Positively, the instructive planning and showed capacity of the individual who will play out the assigned demonstration must be assessed by the medical attendant creation the choice to appoint undertakings to other people. In my training choice to appoint basically includes the utilization of the nursing procedure, I. e. fitting appraisal of the conditions (staff accessible and tolerant sharpness), arranging, usage, and assessment by the delegator. It is dependent upon me to make an expert judgment dependent on the data accessible for me in every particular circumstance. Consistently, attendants are answerable for the wellbeing and pros perity of their patients. Notwithstanding claim to fame or work setting, perform fundamental obligations that incorporate treating patients, instructing patients and general society about different ailments, and giving counsel and passionate help to patients' family members.Doing this jobs of medical attendants are essentially the equivalent in any work setting, with my training and experience I am sure that I can do this jobs when I practice as an enlisted nurture here in Canada, despite the fact that there are some tension included in regards to the entire procedure, however I feel sure that I can carry out the responsibility since I as of now have the experience being an authorized viable medical attendant first at that point climbing to turning into an enrolled nurture in addition to my past experience as an enlisted nurture in the Philippines. The administration and initiative capabilities that I as of now have, and agreeable of utilizing is communication.Because I am a sort of individual that is composed and to have the option to accomplish this is to have a decent correspondence with different individuals from the group, and I am entirely agreeable in communicating in the English language in light of the fact that back home in the Philippines we are use to utilizing English as a vehicle for guidance so there very little alteration on my part. Boundaries for this competency that may challenge me is the chance of sending or getting off base messages. So it is basic that we know the key segments of the correspondence procedure, how to improve our aptitudes, and the potential issues that exist with blunders in communication.After I moves on from nursing school and gets my Registered Nurse (RN) permit in the Philippines, some way or another I got the chance to have some central authority abilities to apply to coordinate patient consideration. I would recognize more to a mandate czar kind of authority, in light of the fact that for me it would be increasingly powerful to guide each colleague to do a particular assignment to finish, guaranteeing that order and management with regards to what to do, and make sure that it gets finished in like manner. Positive side of this sort of initiative is that the medical attendant pioneer attempts to guarantee that the entire join fills in as a group to complete the undertakings.

The Billy Pilgrim Traveling Library Hits the Road

The Billy Pilgrim Traveling Library Hits the Road Today is the grand opening of The Billy Pilgrim Traveling Library, a book mobile based in Houston, Texas.  It will be joining the fleet of other trucks food trucks and mobile boutiques that navigate the city streets. On this first night, it will be a part of the Food Truck meet-up at the Montrose HEB.  Ill be there, bags of books to donate in hand. I hope to see some your smiling faces there, too. Will it be worth it? Yes, but you dont have to take my word for it. Take a look at what the founders had to say about the BPTL. Could you introduce yourselves, and tell us how you came together for this project? We are Chris Grawl and Kelly Allen.  We met each other a bit over three years ago in grad school at UT’s School of Information, immediately clicked, and three years later we’ve got two cats and a bookmobile. Conceptually speaking, the Billy Pilgrim Traveling Library is my (Chris’) brainchild.  Fresh out of grad school, Kelly got a four month gig as a cruise ship librarian, and I moved back to my hometown (Houston) from Austin to look for full-time work.  Amid this, I proposed an idea to a couple of my buddies about a fusion library/bookstore set up in a commercial property/strip center, from which we would rent out, trade, and sell our books, music, and movies.  I found full-time work shortly thereafter and the idea just sort of sat there. Kelly returned from abroad and we moved to Montrose, where we very quickly acclimated ourselves to Houston’s incredible food truck culture.  This, coupled with an observed need in the library world for unaffiliated bookmobile services, caused the library/bookstore idea to evolve into a mobile enterprise, where we would work out of a bookmobile that would function both as a house for our traveling collection as well as a rentable empty space.  I (Chris) wrote an essay about this a while back.  You can read it here. What made you name the Bookmobile after Vonneguts protagonist from Slaughterhouse 5? Does the book hold special meaning for you? Naming our bookmobile after a Vonnegut character (namely, after Billy Pilgrim) speaks to both the character of our traveling collection as well as to our individual characters.  We also like the sort of play on words with being a traveling library and Billy Pilgrim traveling through, or coming “unstuck in time,” as well as the notion that books, movies, and music do unstick us in time.   Slaughterhouse-Five does hold a special meaning for us, but only insofar as Cat’s Cradle and God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater and Breakfast of Champions and A Man Without a Country et al hold special meaning for us.  Kurt Vonnegut has long been an important influence in both of our lives, and it’s something of an honor for us to be able to memorialize him in this way. How will the library work? The BPTL intends to serve two purposes: one, as a traveling library that works on a rent-barter-donate system and provides a variety of traditional and emerging library services; and two, as a bookmobile-for-hire which lends its space out to all mutually interested parties for mutually agreeable means. The traveling library component will function much like Netflix.  There is an annual membership fee ranging from $5 to $20, depending on the member’s chosen plan. A $5 annual membership fee allows you one item out at a time; $20 allows you five out at a time.  There are no due dates or late fees.  We encourage our collection to be used as a library as something that belongs to everyone but there is nothing in place to stop you from keeping the item(s) you’ve checked out forever, and there are no repercussions for doing so.  You may also try to barter for some of our items.  Throw something our way cash, books, records, a sandwich and see what of ours that gets you. In addition to our physical collection, we hope to offer services such as reference (including Reader’s Advisory) and research, wi-fi, a reservation system, a mixtape trade, and book clubs.  We’ll also have tax receipts for in-kind item donations, voter registration cards, and applications for membership at other local libraries.  Many of these are works in progress, but we ultimately hope to be able to provide all of these services. The bookmobile-for-hire component effectively renders the bookmobile into a physical and information resource that can be utilized by organizations lacking adequate outreach and marketing services, including but not limited to public libraries, museums, schools, and local businesses.  Here, we will empty our shelves and make our space, our time, and our professionalism available to all mutually interested parties for whatever (mutually agreeable) purposes they see fit.  We will be debuting this component next month in Odessa, TX to help celebrate the Ector County Library’s 75th anniversary. You ran an Indiegogo campaign to help with the funding for the mobile library. It had limited success. What did you learn from the Indiegogo experience? How were you able to come up with the rest of the funding? The Indiegogo campaign was humbling in a couple of ways. Namely: (1) in the amount of work we had to put into it just to get the (limited) results we achieved, and (2) in the number of complete strangers, many outside of Greater Houston and thus with limited access to our services, who contributed to our cause.  In the last 24 hours of our campaign, we raised some $700, $500 of which was contributed by one complete stranger. The rest of the funding towards the acquisition and subsequent preparation and housing of the bookmobile and its collection has been paid completely out of our own pockets.  A decent amount of our rainy day savings have gone into this project, but it’s something that we believe in, and it’s something that we know will prove rewarding, even if we don’t make any money off of it, even in the long run. Other than funding, what is the biggest obstacle that you dealt with so far? What challenges will you have to deal with as you move ahead? I would say that the biggest obstacle we’ve faced was simply getting our bookmobile to Houston.  We found the truck through Craigslist, or rather a Craigslist aggregator that doesn’t limit it by location.  The truck we found just happened to be in Gallipolis, Ohio, which is across the river from West Virginia.  We took the week of Thanksgiving to fly to Ohio, pick up the bookmobile, and drive it back neither of us having had experience driving any vehicle that large in our lives.  But somehow, we made that 1,100 mile drive back to Houston without any incident.  There has never in this entire process been any sign that this isn’t what we should be doing, and that has been extremely encouraging. The real obstacle has been the greater process getting temp tags, booking flights, rental cars hotels, orienting ourselves with an 1,100 mile drive, getting the truck inspected, titled, and registered, finding a place to make our debut, and working on truck and library card design, then finding the right people to collaborate with to get the work done (not to mention the collection development, nonprofit processing, and inventorying that’s been going on all the while).  There’s just a whole lot (months!) of setup that has had to go into it for us to get to where we are now, and there’s still a lot of work to be done before we’re able to provide all of the services we’d like to provide (i.e. wifi, tax exemptions). When and where will the library be available? What sort of schedule are you hoping to keep? At the moment, we both have full-time jobs supplemental to the work we’re putting into this project, which unfortunately limits the schedule we can (potentially) keep to weekends, with a heavy emphasis on Fridays and Sundays.  I do believe it will be to both our as well as the community’s benefit to be open on Sundays, since all of the other public libraries in Houston and Harris County are closed then.  So yeah, for now we’ll focus on finding spots (and hopefully some regular spots) on Fridays and Sundays, then maybe look for some evening spots, and from there try to transition into a daily schedule. Where can Houston readers find you in the near future? What can they do to support the BPTL? For now, we only have one set gig in Houston.  To be perfectly honest, we’ve been focusing on the prep phase up to this point and have only reached out to a couple of places to see if they’d like to collaborate with us.  And only one of those places has bitten so far: this Friday, February 15th from 5:30 pm to 9 pm, we’ll be debuting at the HEB Montrose Market Friday Food Truck meetup.  We intend to park at HEB as often as their truck rotation allows.   As we develop our schedule, we’ll primarily target other cultured, tried and true truck-friendly locales, including museums like MFAH and the Menil Collection, and coffee shops like Antidote, Boomtown, Inversion, Dirk’s, and Bungalow Java.  We’re also looking for places to park outside of the loop.  One place I’d really like to work with is The Shack in Cypress, and really we’re open to collaborations with all mutually interested parties. As for what folks can do to support us, the first thing they can do is come out to HEB on Friday and become members of the BPTL.  Membership is $5-$20 annually, depending on the plan you choose.  Patronage is one, if not the fundamental form of support for our project.   Another thing they could do is donate books, cds, dvds, vhs cassettes, audiocassettes, vinyl, dollars, or time.  We are an entirely grassroots organization, and our collection will be built around our own personal collections and what is given by others.  We have a mantra of RENT-BARTER-DONATE.  Participating in any of those three activities is really all the support we could ask for. (But word-of-mouth is also great!) _________________________ Chris and Kelly are also looking for some help with the trucks design: We are still working on our truck’s design.  We’re weighing several different options, including chalkboard paint and literary graffiti.  We’ve got one graffiti artist that will be stopping by our Grand Opening to check out the truck and do some design brainstorming with us.  We’d like to invite other interested artists to stop by as well. If youd like to learn more about the Billy Pilgrim Traveling Library, visit their website, follow them on Twitter, or like them on Facebook. Sign up to Today In Books to receive  daily news and miscellany from the world of books.

Great Politics That Dealed With Slavery - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1281 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/05/26 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Frederick Douglass Essay Slavery Essay Did you like this example? All throughout American Literature, writers have been composing literary works that have been influencing future authors. These writers create literary works usually discussing religion, politics, or a personal experience. The numerous amounts of writings present in American Literature can be quite similar to one another or can differ from one another when compared to different components. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Great Politics That Dealed With Slavery" essay for you Create order Writers such as Abraham Lincoln and Frederick Douglass served as a great example in how literary works in American Literature show the individual differences of each author as well as some similarities that are present in them and their writings. Lincoln and Douglass both use political influences and the hardships the country was experiencing during their time to help them compose their literary works. Though both Lincoln and Douglass use political influences, it is the way they interpret and shape their writings that makes them different from each other. Each of them uses their own writing style, language, and tone that helps them deliver their messages to their intended audience. Abraham Lincoln and Frederick Douglass both use political issues dealing with slavery, freedom, and equal rights and liberty to all men to help influence their literary works, and though they use similar themes and influences the way they interpret and shape their writings is what makes them different. Abraham Lincoln served as the sixteenth President of the United States. When he took the presidency, the nation was already beginning to divide and was on the brink of a Civil War. As a result, all this brutality and political problems inspired and influenced most of Lincolnrs greatest speeches and literary workrs that helped shape America as it is today. His writings always focus on America as a whole and address the current political issues the nation had. Some of Lincolnrs greatest speeches and literary works are The Gettysburg Address, his Second Inaugural Address, the House Divided Speech, and the Emancipation Proclamation. All of these works served as the infrastructure that helped build the American voice that is present in later writings throughout American Literature. Frederick Douglass was an abolitionist, former slave, statesman, and writer. He was considered to be one of the most influential African American during the nineteenth century as well as one of the greatest orators during his time. Most of Douglassrs literary works addressed the issue of slavery, racism, and the equal rights of African Americans. Some of Douglassrs greatest writings are Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, Written by Himself and What to the Slave, is the Fourth of July?. All of Douglassrs literary works are known as antislavery writings because he always discusses the freedom and equal rights that African Americans should have. In most of their works in American Literature, Lincoln and Douglass both talk about political issues dealing with slavery, freedom, and equal rights and liberty of all men. Both writers show many differences as well as similarities when addressing these issues. When writing about slavery, Lincoln addresses the issue politically. He himself opposed the concept of slavery and addressed the issue in his House Divided speech. In this speech, Lincoln talks about how ?A house divided against itself cannot stand, he declared. ?I believe this government cannot endure, permanently half slave and half free It will become all one thing or all the other, (KENDI 4). He shapes this speech in a way for his audience to understand that the issue regarding slavery is what is beginning to divide the nation. Once again slavery is addressed in Lincolnrs Second Inaugural Address. In this address Lincoln talks about how slavery is a national misdemeanor to God by stating, If we shall suppose that American Slavery is one of those offenses which, in the providence of God, must need come, but which, having continued through His appointed time, He now wills to remove[] (Second 749). While Lincoln addresses slavery in a formal political way, Douglass shapes his writings and styles from a more personal experience. In his narrative, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, Written by Himself, Douglass shows his audience what the life of a slave is really like by using imagery and a dramatic language. His use of rhetorical devices, diction, and writings structure allows him to give a deeper insight into the evils of slavery. It is in this way that Douglassrs writings regarding slavery differ from Lincolnrs writings. Though both Lincoln and Douglass use different meanings and styles to shape their writings, they both use the same universal theme to help them get the message of slavery is bad to their audience. Another similar theme and political aspect both authors use to help influence their writings is freedom. In his narrative, Douglass uses a unique writing style as well as a persuasive one to help advocate for the freedom of African Americans. Douglass states, Freedom now appeared, to disappear no more forever. It was heard in every sound and seen in everything. It was ever present to torment me with a sense of my wretched condition, (Narrative of 963). This statement serves as an example of what freedom meant to African Americans. While Douglass talks about freedom in the views of African Americans, Lincoln interprets the theme in a slightly different way. In the Gettysburg Address, he states, [] this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom†and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth, (Address 748). Lincolnrs use of ethos, formal diction, and visual imagery allows him to express the birth of a new nation as well as the new sense of freedom they are fighting for. Douglassrs writing styles and languages differ quite a bit from Lincolnrs somewhat interpreting a different meaning of freedom; however, they both appeal to the same influences in their writings. One of the last things that both of the authors discuss in their writings is the equal rights of men and liberty. In Lincolnrs Gettysburg Address he uses a sense of allusion when he states, All men are created equal, (Address 747). He shapes his writings in order to stress the points that all men should have the same rights of equality and liberty. Douglass addresses the equal rights theme a little bit different than Lincoln. In one of his speeches, What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?, Douglass states that The rich inheritance of justice, liberty, prosperity and independence, bequeathed by your fathers, is shared by you, not by me (What to 1003). He clearly means that African Americans are denied the right to equality and uses his writing style and language of the speech to express that. Like the other political influences in their writings, Lincoln and Douglass allow the concept of equal rights and liberty to influence their writings. Abraham Lincoln and Frederick Douglass both use political issues dealing with slavery, freedom, and equal rights and liberty to all men to help influence their literary works, and though they use similar themes and influences the way they interpret and shape their writings is what makes them different. While Lincoln uses a plain, undecorated language in his writings, his choice of words and the rhythm and shape of his utterances is what portrays his writings to be unique from Douglassrs (Barzun 5 and 51). Douglass, on the other hand, uses many powerful scenes that help modulate his charismatic stage persona and appeal to readers as a supplicant rather than as an equal, (Ganter 4). As one can see, both authors use similar themes and influences in their writings, but it is the way they interpret the message to the audience by using their own unique writing styles that makes them different from one another.

Potassium Chloride And The Molecules Through Semipermeable...

Potassium Iodide Binds to Polysaccharide Molecules through Semipermeable Membrane Introduction: Diffusion is defined at the net movement of molecular substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Beyond that, diffusion can further be divided into two different kinds of net movement of substance to opposing concentration gradients, dialysis and osmosis. Dialysis is defined as the separation of small molecules from large molecules as they pass through a semipermeable membrane (Koerner, 1992). When talking about dialysis, it is most often associated with the function or failure of the kidneys ability to process and rid the body of toxins from the blood. It would prove to be fatal if the kidneys failed to remove the roughly 1,500 liters of waste building up in the body (Nordqvist, 2015). This experiment mimics the nature of a selective plasma membrane and with time, monitors to passing of substances in and out of the barrier. The end results should appear to show a color changing chemical reaction within the more concentrated tube of 15%glucose/1%starch solution. Initially the clear and milky appearance should transform into a black and deep purple hue from the attachment of iodine to the sugar solution. The experiment has been conducted previously yielding various results. External factors affecting the rate of diffusion play a part in this experiment. Heat due to its influence on the thermodynamics of the molecular substances. IncreasingShow MoreRelatedFluid Concept Pro ject Part 21706 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom each other and an explanation will be discussed next. Intracellular fluid is found within the cells of the body, which constitutes approximately 2/3 of the total body fluid in adults† (Trakalo, 2015, p. 336). According to Trakalo (2015), â€Å"Potassium and magnesium are the primary cations in the ICF, while phosphate and sulfate the major anions† (p.336). 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Circle the correct term. A passive process, diffusion / osmosis is the movement of solute molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration. 2. A solution surrounding a cell is hypertonic if: a. it contains fewer nonpenetrating solute particles than the interior of the cell. b. it contains more nonpenetrating soluteRead MoreCell Membrane and Bloom S Category9348 Words   |  38 PagesChapter 6: Cell Membranes TEST FILE QUESTIONS (By Catherine Ueckert) Multiple Choice 1. The compounds in biological membranes that form a barrier to the movement of hydrophilic materials across the membrane are a. integral membrane proteins. b. carbohydrates. c. lipids. d. nucleic acids. e. peripheral membrane proteins. Answer: c Textbook Reference: 6.1 What Is the Structure of a Biological Membrane? Page: 106 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 2. The plasma membrane of animals containsRead MoreOsmosis10180 Words   |  41 PagesOBJECTIVE The objective of this experiment is to develop an understanding of the molecular basis of diffusion and osmosis and its physiological importance. Students will analyze how solute size and concentration affect diffusion across semi-permeable membranes and how these processes affect water potential. Students will also calculate water potential of plant cells. EDVOTEK, Inc. †¢ 1-800-EDVOTEK †¢ www.edvotek.com EVT 080423AM 2 AP Biology EDVO-Kit # 281 Principles Practice of DiffusionRead MoreSexually Transmitted Diseases35655 Words   |  143 Pagesintegrating previous knowledge. To be termed scientific, a method of inquiry must be based on gathering observable, empirical and measurableevidence subject to specific principles of reasoning. 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Regulatory Bodies Free Essays

ROLE OF REGULATORY BODIES INTRODUCTION Health Professionals such as nurses doctors, Pharmacist and many others are regulated and licensed by regulatory bodies as required by provincial legislation. All nurses are required to be licensed to practice with their designated provincial nursing regulatory body. Legal responsibility in nursing practice is becoming of greater importance as each year passes. We will write a custom essay sample on Regulatory Bodies or any similar topic only for you Order Now In order to provide safe and competent nursing care an understanding of legal boundaries is very essential. It is important to know the law in one state and the authorities enforcing these laws. VITAL ROLE OF REGULATORY BODIES * To ensure the public’s light to quality health care service. * To support and assist professional members. * Set and enforce standards of nursing practice. * Monitor and enforce standards for nursing education. * Monitor and enforce standards of nursing practice. * Set the requirements for registration of nursing professionals. Nursing regulatory bodies also known as colleges or associations, are responsible for the licensing of nurses with in their respective provinces territory. The Nursing Regulatory bodies receives their authority from legislation. MAJOR TYPES OF REGULATORY BODIES * The central government. * The state government * Institutional Rules * Trained Nurses Association of India * International council for Nurses * American Nurses Association * Canadian Nurses Association * National League for Nursing ROLE OF CENTRAL GOVERNMENT The central government is a source of regulatory body in three ways, through. 1) Government service conduct rules 2) The Indian Nursing council Act 3) The English law THE GOVERNMENT SERVICE CONDUCT RULES These are detailed rules of conduct for are government employees. Examples of these are the requirement to maintain absolute integrity, devotion to duty and high standards of moral behaviour. Only a few are applicable to the nursing practice, but all would be applicable to the practice of a nurse employed by the government. INDIAN NURSING COUNCIL ACT The Indian Nursing Council, which was authorised by the Indian Nursing Council Act of 1947, was established In 1949 for the purpose providing uniform standards in nursing education and reciprocity in nursing registration throughout the country. The only national legislation directly related to nursing practice, also provides a basis from which rules for nursing practice can be developed. Among other responsibilities, this Act gives authority to the Indian Nursing Council for prescribing curricula for nursing education and recognising qualifications of institutions with teaching programmes for nursing. This means that the INC has authority to control nursing education and what the nurse is prepared to do. It is important because legal responsibility does finally depend upon what you should be able to do and how you should do it as well as what you are not prepared to do. The INC uses this authority in nursing education but it delegates authority for control of nursing practice to the State Nurses’ Registration Councils. INDIAN NURSING COUNCIL The Indian Nursing Council was authorized by the Indian Nursing Act of 1947. It was established in 1949 to providing uniform standards in nursing education and reciprocity in nursing registration through out the country. Nurses registered in one stat were not necessarily recognized for registration in another state before this time. The Condition of mutual recognition by the state Nurses Registration Councils, which is called reciprocity, was possible only if uniform standards of nursing education were maintained. FUNCTIONS OF INC 1) It provide uniform standards of in nursing education and reciprocity in nursing registration. 2) It has authority to prescribe curriculum for nursing education in all states. 3) It has authority to recognize programme for nursing education or to refuse recognition of a programme if it did not meet the standards required by the council. ) To provide the Registration of foreign nurses and for the maintance of the Indian Nurses Register. 5) The INC authorizes State Nurses Registration Council and Examining Board to issue qualifying certificates. The INC has been given heavy responsibilities for nursing practice and nursing education but it has not been able to exert enough power to support high standards in nursing. ENGLISH LAW The law based upon the English Pattern is the third way in which the Central Government is a source of legal authority. These laws are very specific and make you â€Å"liable for negligence† or answerable to the laws for acts of carelessness. The laws summarised below are given for medical practitioners including nurses. 1) The right to refuse to the treat a patient expect in an emergency situation. 2) The right to sue for fees. (Applicable only to private duty nurse or private practitioners: other nurses are salaried. ) 3) The right to add a titile descriptions to one’s name. Any title, description, abbreviation or letter which implies nolding a degree, diploma, license or certificate showing particular qualifications may be added. (Improper use of these is often prohibited by State Nurses Registration Acts. The right to wear the Red Cross Emblem is given only to members of the Army medical service. 4) Unregistered practitioners are not allowed to hold positions or appointments in public and local hospitals 5) Fundamental duties. a) To exercise a reasonable degree of skill and knowledge in treating patients. The standard held is that exercised by other reputable members of the same profession in similar circumstan ces. b) Once a relationship to a patient has been established, there is an obligation to attend the patient as long as necessary unless the patient requests withdrawal or notice is given of intention to withdraw. ) A practitioner must give personal attention to his cases and answer calls with reasonable promptness. d) Children must be protected from harming themselves. e) Special precautions must be taken in the case of adults who are incapable of taking care of themselves. 6) The Indian Penal Code demands that poisonous drugs be kept in separate containers properly labeled and marked. Care must be taken not to mix with nonpoisonous drugs. 7) There is a duty of secrecy to the patients. Records must be treated as confidential unless the practitioner is called upon to give evidence in court. 8) Dangerous diseases must be reported. (Theses will vary in different parts of the country. ) 9) Nurses as considered solely responsible for their own professional acts irrespective of the employing authority. A fine is the usual penalty imposed for disobeying the law stated above, although imprisonment is also possible. The central responsibility consists mainly of Policy making, palnning, guiding, assisting evaluating and Co. ordinating the work. How to cite Regulatory Bodies, Papers

The Threat of Overpopulation on Mass-Production Essay Example

The Threat of Overpopulation on Mass-Production Paper However, beyond a certain point, which is defined as overpopulation, diminishing returns might set in and these advantages Of a argue population will vanish. In 1 990, the world population was 1. 6 billion people, currently a total of approximately 6 billion people inhabit the earth and this number is projected to reach 16. 4 billion, more than double todays population by the year 2060. As the population continues to explode, many researchers and theorists fear that Earths carrying capacity will be met in the near future, and if the predictions come true, it will be tragic and devastating for many. The problem of overpopulation is an issue that faces societies around the world and is not just increasing steadily, but exponentially. The problems of Overpopulation come with many social, economical, environmental issues. Although problems of overpopulation cannot necessarily be prevented and eliminated, technology is being used to help improve the situations. In this essay, I want to focus the attention on the threat of overpopulation to managements ethos of mass-production and mass-consumption by using three illustrations. In the following discussion, I will first examine the negative consent ounce of resources shortage and the environmental degradation, which are the most direct effects caused by overpopulation to mass-production and mass-consumption. This will be followed by the threat of the rising unemployment and social unrest to management. The 3 illustrations I want to use are the overpopulation in China, India and Australia respectively. With just over 1. 3 billion people, China is the worlds most population country, taking up roughly 25% of the worlds population. We will write a custom essay sample on The Threat of Overpopulation on Mass-Production specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Threat of Overpopulation on Mass-Production specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Threat of Overpopulation on Mass-Production specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Specifically, for every kilometer, approximately 139. 6 people are living in the radius. Overpopulation has been such a problem that China has confined each couple to bear only one child. However, In the next few decades, India, he worlds second most populous country is expected to surpass China in population. Also, Indians high population growth is not only focused on the poor sections of society but also results in sub-standard conditions for growing segments of the Indian population. The last illustration is Australia, as it is regard as a last frontier by many people because it has a relatively small population of just over 1 8 million people together with vast amount of mineral wealth and resources. Is Australia is not safe from the challenge of overpopulation, then who can be? In the following analysis, will use the sever honeymoon caused by overpopulation in these three countries to illustrate the threat of overpopulation on current management. Scarcity of resources and environment degradation It is obvious that overpopulation results in mass-consumption in a large extent. The average level of consumption is very high and a majority of people consume a large amount of goods and services. In addition, mass- production is in reality the process of utilizing more energy and resources to increase the productivity and efficiency. To put it simply, the more inhabitants living in the earth, the greater the need. Because of overpopulation, people consume more, putting increasing strains on the resources that sustain mankind. However, those resources fail to deal with the burgeoning demand. In the following, will analyses the effect of the shortage of two major resources, namely, food and energy, due to overpopulation, on mass- production and mass-consumption. Assessment of food shortage One of the main consequences of overpopulation is an increasing total demand for food. Specifically, insufficient growth in agricultural production may seriously harm the mass-production of the sector of agricultural, induce argue scale hunger and malnutrition in the poor region, and even jeopardize the social economic development of the entire society. For example, India prides itself on having been self-sufficient in food production for decades, but the fact is that India has 16. 8% of worlds population but only 2. 42% of the land area and 4% of water resources. According to the International Food Policy Research Institutes 2011 Global Hunger Index, it ranks 67 out of 81 countries and has more than 200 million food-insecure people, the most in the world (Bureau Report, 2012). What is worse, according to EUNICE, a third f the worlds malnourished children live in India and overpopulation seems to be one of the main reasons (World radio, 2012). Another example is the rapid population growth in Australia, triggering a process of land use to less and less and even to intensification. Also, because of the rapid growth in population, urban area considerably spread to farmland and natural areas, which affect the quality life of residents and reduced the functional capacity of natural resources (Socks, 1 996, 117). There is no doubt that the sever consequence Of above examples are the result Of overpopulation. In order to tackle the problem of food shortage, one of the goals is to increase food and land production. And there are two methods to achieve these objectives, through extending cultivated land acreage as well as through increasing yields. However, both ways require a vast amount of investment in land development and irrigation. This put great threats on the mass-production of agriculture. Because rather than by increasing land productivity, most of the underdeveloped countries have until now responded to overpopulation by increasing more land acreage under litigation; but the problem is that there are not enough arable land and most of countries have already exhausted the supply of arable land, therefore, they are facing a sudden need to increase yields, which is regard as significantly more difficult due to insufficient money ability to invest in technology to improve the land productivity. This great threat, challenging the mass-production in agriculture, probably explains why the developing countries are losing the capacity to feed themselves. In turn, this threat will ultimately result In a society of mass poverty, which is contrary to a society of ass-consumption. Assessment of scarcity of energy Another consequence of overpopulation is energy shortage. The abrupt increase in oil price, natural gas and coal, and the difficulty of discovery of new energy sources signal that energy supplies were virtually exhaustible. For instance, in China, most major cities are facing power cut as the energy demand peaks; therefore, most of the factories are force to stop pumping out goods. India is another nation facing energy crisis. Insufficient of energy, such as coal, oil and natural gas, require India to import increasing amount of expensive fossil fuels, which haven taken toll on the Indians economic development. Also, in order to protect their domestic consumers from the global high cost of energy, most of the state-run energy companies are racking up billions of dollar in losses by selling relatively low price fossil fuel. From the example above, we can see that the increasing demand of energy drive up prices of energy and raw materials and put pressure on ports and transportation lines. Thus, most of the energy-consuming factories have to save energy by reducing the energy intensity and improving energy efficiency. The high price of input and a wide margin for saving energy, again put a great threat on the mass-production of factories. Factories face a dilemma of balancing the energy conservation as well as the increased efficiency in the use of energy and the industrialization and the development process, which require a great consumption of power. From the assessment of the shortage of food and energy, we can conclude that given present zooming consumption rates and the estimated increase in these rates because of overpopulation, the real per capital cost of providing people with a multitude of goods and services based on natural resources, such as water, food, raw materials, fossil fuels and so forth, will inevitably and markedly increase. What is worse,. Continuing population growth and the endless search for economic development have contributed to the environmental damage. In addition, environmental degradation may be imposed by the scarcity of natural resources As Australias cities continue to grow, they are facing an increasing problem in disposal of solid waste. According to State of the Environment Advisory Council, each Australian produces 681 kilograms of garbage per year, while his figure is 513 kilograms in other industrial nations. Handwriting (1996) pointed out that New South Wales, the most populous state in Australia, is facing an environment crisis due to a growing mountain of tires being dumped on native bush land and private farming properties. Unscrupulous operators are dumping or burying more than one quarter of the five million tires Worn Out in New South Wales each year on secluded bush sites or leased private properties. There is no doubt that most factories and companies have to deal with the environmental problem and of course the government will tackle the environmental pollution by fining the manufacturers and make more environmental constraints on them. Therefore, Taking into account of the scarcity of resources and environment degradation, entrepreneurs suffer rising input prices such as land prices and price of raw materials because of the smaller amount of the resources and the difficulty to gain assess to the resource. This, In turn, manifests in higher price for goods and service, which consumers suffer from. This violates the low cost purpose of mass- production. As a consequence, overpopulation puts a great threat on impasses, which focusing on mass-production to survive and even make profit in the competitive market. They have to invest considerable amount of money and energy into tech oenology to cut the cost of the entire process of the mass-production and increase efficiency in order to achieve the leading position on the market. This will further exacerbate the competitive threats in the market. In addition, the society of mass consumption is the result of a higher purchasing power, as well as of social struggles for a better share of the production benefits. However, due to overpopulation, the price level rises ND then the future purchasing power of money will go down and people are difficult to gain the benefit of mass-production. This also goes against the purpose of mass-consumption. Increasing unemployment rate and social unrest Overpopulation not only put great threat on the higher input prices for mass- production and on the difficulty of investing in technology to cut price and increase efficiency but also put great on sever social issues, such as increasing unemployment rate and social unrest. Because of overpopulation, the competition for available jobs is tremendous. According to the latest World Development Report by the World Bank, Indians youth unemployment was 9. 9% for males and 11. 3% for females in 2010, while, in 1985, the figures were 8. % and 8%, respectively. The rising youth unemployment rate, is virtually 50% more than the national average, or total unemployment rate (Skunk, 201 2). This figure is shocking. Another example of growing unemployment is the immigration problem in Australia. In Australia, immigrant, who mainly contributed to the rapid of population growth in Australia, adverse ly influence the unemployment issue. The increase in immigration create the excess supply of labor and hence unemployment. The immigration minister Chris Evans said he would decide whether to slash Australias migrant intake if the unemployment was continuously rising. Thus, it is clear that because of overpopulation, the supply of labor excess the demand, which cause unemployment. This either forces down the real wage or the real wage rigidity. If the real wage falls, the disposable income will decrease as well. And because of the higher prices for goods and services caused by the shortage of resources, People do not have sufficient income to arches a great amount of goods and services, greatly challenging the ethos of mass-consumption. As a result the ethos of mass-production is likely to be impaired, as mass-production in fact is backed by mass-consumption. In terms of social unrest, low income employees might strike in order to strive for higher income, leading to great social unrest. In addition, the conflicts between Pakistan and India on water resource are especially sensitive since both highly-populated, fast growing countries have nuclear weapons. This is one of the social problems exacerbated by a resource limitation because of overpopulation. It is no doubt that all the social unrest will jeopardize the usual operation of many factories and companies, and is therefore eventually challenge the ethos of mass-production and mass-consumption. Conclusion In sum, the stress and strain caused by overpopulation is actually so tangible that resources are mercilessly exploited to cater to the ever-increasing needs of growing population. Also, the the external environmental costs of population growth are pervasive and cumulative, as for each small incremental increase in population, there will be a large incremental impact n the environment since much of what is left is marginal and sensitive to disturbance. The increasing demand for the scarce resource and environmental degradation caused by overpopulation, result in the high price for input and producing goods. This surely goes against the low price purpose of mass-production. What is more, manager are difficult in finding feasible solutions to solve the high cost of operation and to solve the situation of low- consumption, caused by high-cost products and low real income. Also, the high unemployment rate and increasing social unrest caused by overpopulation impede the normal operation of production. We should know that he rapid rise in world population is not creating problems only for the developing countries.

Chemical Warfare in the Iran-Iraq War

Chemical Warfare in the Iran-Iraq War party that distrusted and misunderstood the army. On the side of Iran, army was under control of Ayatollah Khomein, who was a religious fanatic. These two personalities on both sides took advantage of the army and involved the army in their personal differences. Military force played a crucial role in the outbreak of the war from both sides. For instance, Baathist planned their military campaign, and they had a positive attitude on themselves. According to Iraqs, they referred Iranians as one who lacked cohesive leadership, and who lacked spare parts for America- made equipment. Baghdad on the other side possessed well equipped and trained forces, which made their morale run high against Irans armed forces including revolutionary Guard (Pasdaran) troops, who were led by the religious mullahs with inadequate military experience; the Iraqis could muster twelve complete mechanized divisions equipped with latest soviet materials. By the late 1970s, the Iraqs had assembled an army of 190,000 men, 450 aircraft and 2,200 tanks (Hogendoorn 2008). The relationship between Iran and Iraq deteriorated in April 1980; when Iranian supported Ad Dawah attempt to assassinate Iraqi, foreign minister Tariq Aziz. When they failed to assassinate foreign minister they further went on and tried another attempt to assassinate the minister of culture and information, Latif Nayyif jasim. In reaction, the Iraqis immediately rounded up members and supporters of Ad Dinah and deported to Iran thousands of shias of Iranian origin. Saddam went further and ordered the execution of presumed Ad Dawah leader Ayatollah Sayyid Muhammad Bagr as Sadr and his sister. Robison Grant emphasized that, on 22 September 1980 Iraqi fighter jets that were used to attack nine dissimilar Iranian bases by surprise, with intention to destroy air forces for the Iranians while on the very ground. During this period or moment, there entered 6 Iraqi divisions of army and they drove around 5 miles transversely the border belonging to Iranians on 3 fronts and ended pu occupying 1000 square kilometers of Iranian territory, although this attempt did not succeed the Iranian jets retaliated by hitting strategically crucial targets close to paramount Iraq cities. Following this, the war broke out and went on for eight years. Both sides despite being imported high- tech fighting machines, they had inexperienced and untrained personnel to operate and repair them. As a result, they had to look for other tactics, which were effective caring less about casualties (Smart 2004). During the war, to avoid defeat Iraq hunted out every promising weapon, this included developing of self- sustaining facilities to produce militarily fundamental quantities of chemical warfare agents. This presented a solution to the masses of evenly armed Basif and Posdoran. These weapons were singularly successful when used on troop meeting areas and supporting artillery. When carrying out distasteful operations, Iraq routinely supported the attacks with deep fires and incorporated chemical fires on forward defenses, artillery positions, command posts, and logical facilities (Maritson 1984, 141). During this war, Iraq developed the ability to produce, store, and use chemical weapons. These weapons included G-series blister and H-series agents. These weapons were built on various offensive munitions which include aerial bombs, rockets, war heads and artillery shells on the Al Hussein Scud missile variant. During the war, Iraqi fighters attacked Iran by dropping mustard-filled 500 kilogram and tabun-filled 250 kilogram, it is also noted that, they also installed spray tank on an unknown numbers of helicopters. Iran unsuccessfully tried to attack the osirak reactor on September 30, 1980 that belonged to Iraq. In response to Iranian missile attack against Baghdad, Iraqi fired 190 missiles against Iranian cities for a period of six weeks (Iraqi Scientist Reports on German 2003). The Iraqi air force, which consisted of about 28,000 troops, had a back from soviet and French aircraft. The air force was divided into squadrons of light bombers, interceptors, fighter, transports, and helicopters. Despite these heavy munitions, the Iraq did not have appropriate measures to utilize these munitions to their maximum. For instance, most attack squadrons and all the bomber squadrons had been retained to protect the palace. Also, they had inadequate training, especially pilots, and they received inadequate training in Soviet Union. Iraqis lacked both target analysis and reconnaissance capabilities. They also lacked a viable command and to manage system for either close air hold up or on an integrated air defense (Grant 2003). On the side of Iran, its air force was backed by United States, where they received their training and assistance. For instance, they were provided by number of air crafts which included, 166 f-5Es, 188 F-4D/Es and 77 F-14s. Iranians had only about 77 air craft dedicated to the mission, unlike the Iraqis who had 115 air craft defense. Iranians had fourteen dedicated reconnaissance aircraft, the Iranians enjoyed the fact that their aircraft had advanced avionics, and could carry smart bombs, and they had trained pilots to fly them. Also, Iranian took advantage of being near the border, based on that the Iranians would have an easier time to reach their targets, Stephen R. Shalom, The United States and Iran-Iraq War 1980-1988 Iran Chamber Society 1,2 (n.d). In conclusion, chemical warfare of Iran-Iraq war of 1980-1981, was largely fueled by internal factors. It is notable that, even though there were external influence, super powers such as Soviet Union and United state, they provided weapons which did not help too much. Case in point is in Iraq where they did not have the skills to use the weapons, thus creating more problems than it solved. It is due to this they had to look for other ways to apply, hence introduction of chemical warfare. Therefore, Iraq and Iran played a significant role in the rise and facilitated the war for eight years.

Learn About Redox Problems With an Example

Learn About Redox Problems With an Example In oxidation-reduction or redox reactions, it is important to be able to identify which atoms are being oxidized and which atoms are being reduced. To identify if an atom is either oxidized or reduced, you only have to follow the electrons in the reaction. Example Problem Identify the atoms that were oxidized and which atoms were reduced in the following reaction:Fe2O3 2 Al → Al2O3 2 FeThe first step is to assign oxidation numbers to each atom in the reaction. The oxidation number of an atom is the number of unpaired electrons available for reactions.Review these  rules for assigning oxidation numbers.Fe2O3:The oxidation number of an oxygen atom is -2. 3 oxygen atoms have a total charge of -6. To balance this, the total charge of the iron atoms must be 6. Since there are two iron atoms, each iron must be in the 3 oxidation state. To summarize, -2 electrons per oxygen atom, 3 electrons for each iron atom.2 Al:The oxidation number of a free element is always zero.Al2O3:Using the same rules for Fe2O3, we can see there are -2 electrons for each oxygen atom and 3 electrons for each aluminum atom.2 Fe:Again, the oxidation number of a free element is always zero.Put all this together in the reaction, and we can see where the electrons went:Iron we nt from Fe3 on the left side of the reaction to Fe0 on the right. Each iron atom gained 3 electrons in the reaction.Aluminum went from Al0 on the left to Al3 on the right. Each aluminum atom lost three electrons.Oxygen stayed the same on both sides.With this information, we can tell which atom was oxidized and which atom was reduced. There are two mnemonics to remember which reaction is oxidation and which reaction is reductions. The first one is OIL RIG:Oxidation Involves Loss of electronsReduction Involves Gain of electrons.The second is LEO the lion says GER.Lose Electrons in OxidationGain Electrons in Reduction.Back to our case: Iron gained electrons so iron was oxidized. Aluminum lost electrons so aluminum was reduced.

Nonconsequentialist Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nonconsequentialist Theories - Essay Example The essay "Nonconsequentialist Theories" talks about the Non Consequentialist theories that state that consequences should not find their way into our moral judgments. It means that actions are to be judged good or right in line with other criteria i.e. divine command or intuitions. They are categorized as; Act non-consequential theories and Rule non-consequentialist theories.Rule Non-Consequentialist theories are of the idea that blanket rules should be employed to govern the society since they will introduce a greater good. One of the major examples in Rule Non-Consequential theory is the divine command theory that claims that our only source of morality or moral authority is from a higher source, a spiritual deity like God. On the real world, an example is the adherers of the Catholic Church. Many of these followers base their moral values on what is written in the Bible. They believe whatever the scripture says or its interpretation by the church leaders to be moral. Two examples are the Catholic Church’s opposition to birth control and homosexuality. These stands would never be agreed upon by secular reasoning alone, it takes religion. Act Non-Consequentialist Theories are of the idea that we should not employ general or blanket rules but act on a case by case basis. The theory states that only individual acts and situations count morally. The theory is against generalization since every situation is different. They are based on emotions and intuitions to be able to come up with moral conclusions.

Globalization and Labor Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Globalization and Labor - Term Paper Example Along with this, several other factors like the removal of restrictions and limitations over the capital flows and the trade across border, and the rapid advancement in the technology have enabled the production processes to be scattered. The number of products and services is rapidly increasing, but they are situated far away from the target markets. The production sites have become increasingly alert to the relative cost of labor across various countries. Every year, more and more people are migrating across borders, both legally and illegally. This has given boost to the process of globalization. Particularly, the labor market is becoming increasingly globalized. This matter has drawn the attention of media and policymakers towards itself, specifically in advanced economic regions. The question that is of the biggest concern from the resulting situation and that this paper aims at answering is, if the massive in-pour of labor from the underdeveloped countries into the developed co untries is damaging the employment and compensation trends in their economies? This paper will also explore the rate of growth of the labor supply across borders in the recent years and the specific channels that have played a special role in promoting the globalization of labor. These form important aspects of the aforementioned question. Increase in the supply of global labor: In order to determine how globalized labor in the contemporary age is, it is imperative that the effect of progress of such Eastern countries as India and China on the global labor supply is studied. This requires estimation of the participation of these countries’ labor force in the global market. This can be achieved by examining the ratio of export-to-GDP in these countries. The effective supply of global labor has quadrupled in the 25 years from 1980 to 2005 (IMF 162). The increase in global labor supply particularly occurred after 1990. Although most of the increase in the labor supply across the world that has occurred in the recent years pertains to the movement of workers that have not attained higher education, yet there has also been a noticeable increase in the supple of workers that have formally attained higher education. According to an estimate, the global supply of such workers has increased by 50 per cent in the past 2.5 decades (IMF 162). Advanced economies may estimate the increase in the supply of global labor merely by reviewing the increase in demand of imports, or by reviewing the trends of immigration. A comparison of countries with respect to the impact of globalization: Impacts of the labor globalization have been most significant in the European countries and the Anglo-Saxon countries. According to (New Economist), globalization has generally caused a reduction in the labor’s share in the GDP: However ...In Anglo-Saxon and smaller European countries, labour-market policies have partially offset the depressing effects of technology and globalisat ion on labour's share, mainly by shaving the tax wedge between what workers take home and what they cost to employ. In large European countries, increases in the ratio of unemployment benefits to wages have hurt labour's prospects, probably against policymakers' intentions. (New Economist). Different factors have caused the labor share to decline in the Anglo-Saxon and European countries. In Europe, the share of labor has mainly been influenced by the immigration and offshoring whereas offshoring was not

Lab Protocols :: essays research papers

Lab Protocols Through trial and error my class and I have learned that screwing around and misbehaveing in lab not only results in multiple page papers, but can also be harmful, dangerous, and costly to our teacher and school. There are many rules or "protocols" that should be followed in a lab enviroment. In this situation there are ten basic rules that must be followed at all times while participating in lab experiments. These are here for our own safety and should be followed for this reason. The first rule is that everyone in the lab should wear eye protection. In a lab enviroment eye injury is very common. Eye protection greatly reduces this risk of injury. The second is no horseplay. Horseplay can cause injury to yourself others and can cause damage to the laboraty. The third rule is that you should only interact with your partner and the teacher. This will prevent distraction from your set experiment. The fourth rule is that you should not leave your experiment unattended whether you think it is dangerous or not. This rule is completely self explanatory for safety purposes. The fifth rule is to be extremely careful with equipment. Not only for money purposes but also for your own personal safety. The sixth rule is to not touch anything that the teacher or the lab specifically instructs you to. Because you don't need to. The seventh rule states that activities should only be done if they are specifically discussed in your lab. This is for safety purposes and for the liability of the school. The eighth rule is that you are not to contaminate chemicals by using equipment in more than one substance without washing it thoroughly. Doing this can cause explosion, fire, bodily harm, poisonous gasses, or possibly death. Also do not return chemicals to the original container after they have been used. The ninth rule is that you must read your lab handout thoroughly before experimenting in a lab environment. It is a good idea to ask any necessary pertinent questions prior to partaking in your lab. Follow directions exactly. This is to prevent possible harmful mistakes that may result in death, poisonous gasses, bodily harm , explosion , or fire. Last but not least the tenth rule is that before taking leave of the

Race and Gender Schemas Essay

A person’s gender schema affects how they treat all other people regardless of age, race, or social position; because we assume that everyone fits into one of two categories: male or female. There are other cultures that do not have a binary gender schema, and allow people to occupy a â€Å"third position† combining traits that Americans would see as male or female. It is unfortunate that gender schemas are so restrictive and create expectations and judgments about people’s authentic selves that can damage the psyche (Valian, 208). As a way to navigate the social world, gender schemas can be important, but like schemas for race and social class, they can reinforce hierarchies that restrict a large part of the population. Below, I will talk about my own gender schema, how I view the gender schema of my society, and how it could be changed to better As media becomes an ever more powerful force in shaping the world’s perception of itself, an individual’s struggle to maintain a unique identity and self-understanding apart from media influence becomes increasingly difficult. Damaging to the idea of the self are the racial, gendered, and class-based stereotypes (always artificial and frequently physically, fiscally, and emotionally unattainable), which are broadly perpetuated and, because of their persistence, are apparently not broadly questioned. The prevalence and power of gender (especially female) stereotypes in the media are addressed in this p My own gender schema has changed radically from when I was younger. I can remember asking my mother â€Å"is that a boy or a girl? about a person whom my mother identified as a woman, but who had a very square, angular face with large eyes. Later, I learned to incorporate larger scale features (curvy hips or breasts; large shoulder-to-waist ratio) into my schema. Although I was raised as a girl and have always looked female (if not always perfectly feminine), I don’t always â€Å"act like a girl† – I am somewhat aggressive when playing sports, I’m not shy about asking questions, and I’m sometimes stoic about my emotions. This reflects my gender schema for males: â€Å"typical men† are aggressive in sports, readily ask questions, and do not express emotions. By contrast, â€Å"typical females† in my gender schema are concerned with their appearance, are not aggressive on the playing field, tend to be shy if they ask questions, usually assume that they are not in a position of authority, and express their emotions freely. My schematic representation of male and female physical features has relaxed slightly since childhood; plenty of the women I was with in high school were more angular than curvy. Even though I grew up in a fairly enlightened part of the world, men and women still used nonconformity to gender stereotypes/schemas to insult each other across group lines (women insulting men for being too female-like; men insulting women for being too male-like). Also, I was more cautious of people who did not fit my gender schema, because these schemas predict behavioral and cognitive tendencies, however unreliably. Although our society has changed significantly even in the past 30 years, gender schemas themselves are still very restrictive. It may be the case that fathers have increased their contribution to childrearing time so little because the gender schema for males still dictates that a man spend the best hours of his day at his job (TenenbaumLeaper, 616). Women are expected to conform to people’s gender schemas by liking children and being caring, sympathetic people – all qualities of good mothers. However, it is never clear that every woman you meet wants to be, or is even capable of being, a mother. Many people still retain a gender schema that does not allow for women in positions of power in the workplace. The industrialized nations’ gender schemas â€Å"support a sexist society by propagating an ideology of an innate and entirely pervasive, sex determined social structure† (Devor, 147). This is as bad for men as it is for women. For every woman passed over for promotion at work because their boss’s gender schema classifies them as a â€Å"mothering type,† unsuited for the fast-paced world of their chosen industry, there is probably a man in a high-pressure job that would like to ask for paternity leave, but doesn’t want to be belittled by â€Å"the guys. From my perspective as a woman, and as someone who has felt pressure to conform to a feminine gender schema, it seems like women get a worse deal if everyone uses the male/female gender schema in which typically-feminine behavior includes letting other people have their way, assuming you are not in a position of authority, and paying more attention to your appearance than your skill set. For gender schemas to change in society at large, gender schemas must change for children. The best way to do this is by exposing children to gender-atypical men and women in an accepting way, expanding children’s gender schemas and symbolically making it acceptable for men and women to be as â€Å"masculine† or â€Å"feminine† as they feel like. Another way to take the claws out of the American gender schema would be to legitimize between-gender roles, either by working towards acceptance of transgendered and transsexual populations or by studying the gender schemas of other cultures as a way to shift our own prejudices about what constitutes â€Å"maleness† and â€Å"femaleness. Shifting our gender schemas will allow people’s inherent strengths and weaknesses, rather than their adherence to stereotypes, to be the most important determinant of how we treat others. Heightened public awareness of both the existence of and potential damage caused by these stereotypes is essential if they are to be eliminated. Frequently, though, they are d ifficult to combat and even to identify because of the ways in which they are presented. Overwhelming amounts of time and energy are devoted to uplifting a small, specially selected portion of the population as models of physical perfection. These individuals are, predominantly, television and movie celebrities, fashion models, and sports figures. The glamorous ways in which these occupations are portrayed by the media are seemingly impossible to separate from the physical appearance of the people who hold them. The glamour that surrounds the media presentation of the lives and careers of these individuals extends, not surprisingly, to the clothes that they wear and the way that they look. In fact, so much attention is given to celebrity appearances that entire television programs are devoted to little else but visual exploitation of celebrity clothing and their tangible products of their latest fad workouts. The media presentation of the celebrity body has a single unifying thread, regardless of the specific job title of a given celebrity. Celebrity bodies are desired, both subjectively and objectively. The media, without question, shapes this public response. It can be argued (and has been, on many occasions) that, because the media portrays celebrities’ bodies as attractive, desirable, and â€Å"good,† they become national symbols of these characteristics. Conversely, bodies that do not meet this lofty goal frequently are, consciously or unconsciously, regarded as â€Å"bad† or ugly. Consider the most recent (and extremely popular) advertising tack used by Subway, the national fast food sandwich chain. Jared,† the protagonist of the recent slew of television commercials, allegedly lost hundreds of pounds while on a diet consisting primarily of the chain’s fare. Jared’s â€Å"before† pictures show him considerably larger than his current size, but they also show him alone, with no friends or family. In stark contrast, however, his â€Å"after† action shots consistently show him not only thinner, but also constantly in the presence of a beautiful woman, presumably his significant other. The advertising message is clear: fat=bad, ugly, unhappy and alone, thin=happy and with attractive partner. Through these commercials, Jared has assumed celebrity status, solely on the basis that his body has changed to approximate more closely the current standard of attractiveness. Sadly, though, there is a severe disconnect between the male and female body types lauded in the media and those of the public at large. A shockingly small minority of the population has the genetic dispensation to match with what the media purports to be attractive. For women, â€Å"desirable† physical characteristics (as they are portrayed in the media) include being thin, long-legged, slim-hipped, and large-breasted. The media-portrayed â€Å"desirable† physical characteristics for men include being muscular and possessing a full head of hair. Some characteristics are portrayed as desirable in both sexes, such as being tall, fit, athletic, young, and light-skinned. In the gap between what is implicitly beautiful in the eyes of the media and the physical reality of the popular majority flourishes a market of â€Å"self-improvement† products and services, ranging from hair dye and makeup to tanning salons, dieting, and plastic surgery. It seems as though nearly everyone, at some point in his or her life attempts to alter him- or herself in a physical way, in order to conform more closely to the marketed â€Å"norm† of attractiveness and desirability. Television, magazines, and newspapers are filled with advertisements promoting self-loathing, while offering â€Å"miracle,† body-altering â€Å"cures. † The body that does not conform to a sexy, sleek stereotype becomes a thing to be hated, improved upon, and generally tortured into submission. A portion of the damage caused by such a mentality is quantifiable, though observation of the huge profits accumulated yearly by various diet programs and plastic surgeons. The harm of this presentation of the human body can also be seen in our current societal epidemic of disordered eating, including anorexia, bulimia, over-exercising, excessive dieting, and over-anxiety over food. While the population subset living with and recovering from disordered eating is still predominately composed of women, the number of men with disordered and dangerous eating habits is on the rise. In addition to physical damage, intangible psychological harm results from body image problems to which the media contributes daily. When men and women are faced with the implication that their bodies, if they fail to conform to an impossibly stringent set of standards, are unattractive, unhealthy, and unlovable, they begin to lose confidence in themselves. The perception that a single, narrow range of body types is acceptable and healthy for men and women is not only in error, but contributes to widespread social discontent. Instead of celebrating the diversity and beauty of the human form, the media stifles our desire to feel comfortable with ourselves in an attempt to fool us into supporting a billion dollar self improvement market, from which the media garners tremendous financial benefits. In addition to (and perhaps more devastating than) the physical and emotional damage caused by the current media-driven obsession with achieving an arbitrary physical â€Å"perfection,† our society faces losing serious social perspective. As it is currently used in the media, the body is stripped of its uniqueness and forced into frustratingly narrow constraints: good/bad and attractive/unattractive. Little or no public attention is given to the countless other factors around which a person’s identity is structured: kindness, generosity, honesty, friendliness, work ethics, personal motivation, intelligence, and spirituality. By focusing too intensely on the physical, our society risks losing sight of the fuller sense of what people are, and what makes us truly beautiful. My LAP is going to talk about a personal experience that I have encountered with a family member. I have a brother who fits the schemas that we have spoke about in class. I feel that my brother has been dealing with identity issues for a long time since his childhood. How do you deal with being something that you don’t feel you are? Being in this class has me see that everything is not black and white. Schemas are just a stereo type and everyone that may be something does not always seem to be the case. Sometimes there are many reasons that people feel that they are a part of a schema it can be caught up in how people act. Many things on TV make people want to try things like being attracted to the same sex. But sometimes it can be what is going on in your environment. Sometimes I feel that I am a part of a schema I am one of the only black females at my job that is around wide variety of Reform Jews and to me I feel sometimes that I am not suppose to be there but I hold my head up high and keep my enthusiasm very high. So schemas are every day and it just does not have to be about sexuality.

Archers Organic Foods Essay Download Pdf - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2174 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Report Did you like this example? I. Introduction Archers Organic Foods plc is a producer and distributor of organic foods. The company is looking to expand the business by acquiring a farm in the North of England. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Archers Organic Foods Essay Download Pdf" essay for you Create order This report analyses the financial viability of two farms by using a number of investment appraisal methods. The two farms differ in their initial investments, sales and costs. The freehold of option 1 farm will be acquired at the beginning of the project. The farm in option 2 will be taken on a 10-year lease with deposit and annual rent payments. The report makes a recommendation on the final selection of a farm by evaluating the results, strengths and weaknesses of four investment appraisal methods. The four investment appraisal methods used in this report are the Accounting Rate of Return (ARR), payback period, Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). The results of the four investment appraisal methods may not be similar because of differences in their approaches and calculations. Hence, it is beneficial to use more than one investment appraisal method and understand the benefits and limitations of each method before making a final decision. II. Investment appraisal methods The four investment appraisal methods can be classified into two main categories. The ARR and payback period are non-discounting methods whereas the NPV and IRR are discounting methods. The ARR method measures the accounting profit rate by dividing the average income by the average investment (Hansen and Mowen, 2007, p. 568). The method is simple to use but has major limitations. It ignores the time value of money which is a major drawback in case of projects with long lives. Also, a benchmark rate is required for comparison. The payback period calculates the time required to recover initial investment from the operating cash flows of a project (Brigham and Houston, 2007, p. 373). Shorter payback period projects are preferred as they generate cash equal to initial investment in a shorter duration and this can be viewed as a proxy of risk. However, the payback period method ignores the time value of money (Kinney Raiborn, 2011, p. 655). It also ignores the cash flows after th e payback period which could result in a selection of a project that adds less value. The NPV method calculates the net value of a project by discounting the cash flows at a rate which reflects the risks of those cash flows. The discounting of the future cash flows is a major advantage of the NPV method over the non-discounting methods. This is very important for valuing the two alternatives as cash flows are spread over 10 years. The drawback of the NPV method is that it assumes constant gearing to maintain same cost of capital. This rarely happens as cash inflows over the period change the gearing. A company will have to issue debt regularly to maintain same gearing (Delaney, 2008, p. 37). This is difficult to do due to administrative issues and costs. It is also not easy to calculate cost of capital that is used for discounting cash flows (Howe, 1992, p. 34). Finally, the NPV method is not useful on its own when a company faces capital rationing. The profitability index may have to be used along with the NPV to evaluate investments in a capital rationing scenario. IRR method also discounts the future cash flows and gives the cost of capital at which the NPV would be zero. This gives an idea about the margin of safety that is available in terms of possible decline in the rate of return before it equals cost of capital. The limitation of the IRR method is that it can give two IRRs for same set of cash flows if the pattern of cash inflows and outflows reverses more than once during the life of a project (Brigham and Daves, 2009, p. 421). It also assumes that cash inflows during the life of a project will be reinvested at the IRR which may not be true as the firm may not have similar opportunities to invest in. The investment appraisal methods have their pros and cons and it is useful to use more than one method to get a better picture. III. Results of investment analysis The first option is the freehold acquisition of a farm at  £1,500,000. The calculations and results of the investment appraisal methods of option 1 are shown in appendix I. It is assumed that the farm will be sold for  £1,500,000 at the end of 10 years. It implies that the average investment over the period will be  £1,500,000. ARR = Average profit / Average investment =  £313,000 /  £1,500,000 = 20.83% The cumulative cash flows turn positive for the first time in year 6. Payback period = 5 + (245,000/360,000) = 5.68 years. The NPV of option 1 is  £739,000 and the IRR is 19.43%. The second option is to lease a farm for 10 years. A down payment of  £300,000 will be made at the beginning of the 10-year period. It is assumed that the down payment will be returned at the end of 10 years. The average investment will be  £300,000. The calculations and results of the investment appraisal methods of option 2 are shown in appendix II. ARR = Average profit / A verage investment =  £190,000 /  £300,000 = 63.33% The cash flows are adjusted to reflect the fact that annual rents will be paid in advance. The rent for year 1 will be paid at the beginning and hence shown in year 0. The rent for year 10 will be paid at the end of year 9 and hence  £150,000 cash is added back to the profits of year 10. The cumulative cash flows turn positive for the first time in year 5. Payback period = 4 + (160,000/190,000) = 4.84 years. The NPV of option 2 is  £623,000 and the IRR is 27.48%. IV. Analysis of results The ARR of option 1 is 20.83%. There is no benchmark available for comparison but it is significantly more than the cost of capital of 12% and hence the ARR method approves investment in option 1. The payback period is 5.68 years. Though the payback period is significantly lower than the 10-year life of the project, it does not meet the 5-year cut-off period set by the finance director. Hence, the investment in option 1 is not approved under the payback period method. The NPV of option 1 is very high and positive  £739,000. Purchase of the farm will increase the net value of the firm by  £739,000 over a period of 10 years and hence the investment is approved under the NPV method. Finally, the IRR of 19.43% is also higher than the cost of capital of 12% which again approves the purchase of firm. The ARR of option 2 is 63.33% which is substantially higher than the cost of capital of 12% and hence the ARR method approves investment in option 2. The payback period is 4.84 yea rs and it meets the 5-year cut-off period set by the finance director. The investment in option 2 is also approved under the payback period method. The NPV of option 2 is positive  £623,000. Option 2 is also approved under the NPV method. Finally, the IRR of 27.48% is also higher than the cost of capital of 12% which again approves the purchase of firm. Option 2 is preferred over option 1 by the ARR, payback period and IRR methods. However, the option 1 is preferred over option 2 by the NPV method because the NPV of option 1 is more than that of option 2. The difference results under the various investment appraisal methods are not unexpected. The ARR and payback period methods do not discount the future cash flows. This is a major drawback in this case as cash flows are spread over a long life of 10 years. Also, the cost of capital is a high 12% and not discounting the cash flows does not reflect the risk of the investment. In view of the above arguments, the results of the ARR and payback period methods should be viewed with caution. The NPV method favours option 1 as its NPV is  £116,000 higher than the NPV of option 2. However, option 1 uses higher initial investment and this is reflected in its IRR which is lower than that of option 2. The company should opt for option 1 as it adds the maximum net value to shareholders. However, if funding is restricted than option 1 should be preferred because it adds higher net value per unit of investment. The net value per unit investment is  £2.08 for option 2 as compared to  £0.49 for option 1. In addition to the above analysis, the investment decision should take into account few other but important points into consideration. Firstly, in the analysis of option 1, it was assumed that the farm will be sold for  £1,500,000 after 10 years. However, the prices of land and farms have increased in the recent years. The table below shows the sensitivity of the NPV to the changes in price of the farm. An annual farm price inflation of 6% over a 10-year period would substantially increase the NPV to  £1,121,000. This is a significant jump. Even if the annual farm price inflation is -2%, the NPV is still positive. On the other hand, the changes in farm prices would not have any impact on the NPV of option 2. The possible significant benefit from purchase of a farm should also be included in final decision making. Secondly, the evaluations are also sensitive to changes in cash flows. Projections are rarely met in practice (Arya et al., 1988, p. 499). It is difficult to accurately predict cash flows over a 10-year period because of a number of factors. The demand may change due to economic-wide changes. The costs of raw materials and labour may rise faster than anticipated. Adverse weather may also play havoc on the production. Hence, it is beneficial to do a sensitivity analysis of cash flows. It is assumed that the variable costs will move in direct proportion to the changes in revenues. The tables below show the sensitivity of the NPVs to changes in sales and variable costs. The above tables show that option 2 is more sensitive to the changes in sales and variable costs. At 80% of the base case sales and variables costs, the NPV of option 1 is significant positive but that of option 2 is marginally positive. The option 2 will turn into a negative NPV investment if actual cash flows are just less than 80% of the projected cash flows. Thirdly, the NPV is also sensitive to changes in the cost of capital. The tables below show the sensitivity of the NPVs of two options to changes in the cost of capital. Option 1 is more sensitive to changes in the cost of capital. The company should analyse the likely increases in the cost of capital over 10 years before making a final decision. In addition to the above-discussed points, the company should also analyse some of the key non-financial matters to ensure that the investment will yield positive results. It should analyse whether there would be local demand for organic foods in case of each option. Organic foods are sold at a premium to inorganic foods. The buying power of consumers is linked to the general overall economic conditions. The UK economy is passing through a tough phase with consumers concerned about government cuts in public expenditure. This may make it difficult for the company to sell its produce in the local region. The company should also consider the resources that would be involved in effective monitoring of the farm in the North as opposed to current operations in the South. Monitoring and control is important for success of an investment and long-distance could hamper it. V. Conclusions The results of four investment appraisal methods did not match and there is no unanimous choice. Option 2 is preferred on the basis of the ARR, payback period and IRR methods. Option 1 is the preferred option because of its higher NPV and the possibility to gain from an increase in farm prices. The NPVs of two options are also sensitive to a number of factors like cost of capital and changes in sales and variable costs. The NPV of option 2 is more sensitive to changes in cash flows whereas the NPV of option 1 is more sensitive to changes in the cost of capital. VI. Recommendations The recommended option is option 1 because of its higher NPV and also the potential to reap even higher benefits due to increase in value of farm over 10 years. If the project does not meet sales expectations, the company will have the option to sell the farm and exit early in option 1. On the other hand, the company will end up paying lease rent for 10 years in option 2. References Arya, A., Fellingham, J.C., and Glover, J.C., 1988. Capital budgeting: Some exceptions to the net present value rule. Issues in accounting education, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 499-508. Brigham, E.F., and Daves, P.R., 2009. Intermediate Financial Management. 10 edn. South-Western Cengage Learning. Brigham, E.F., and Houston, J.F., 2007. Fundamentals of financial management. 11 edn, Thomson Higher Education. Delaney, C.J., Rich, S.P., and Rose, J.T., 2008. Financing costs and NPV analysis in finance and real estate. Journal of Real Estate Portfolio Management, Vol. 14, Issue 1, pp. 35-40. Hansen, D.R., and Mowen, M.M., 2007. Managerial accounting, 8 edn. Thomson South-Western. Howe, K.M., 1992. Capital Budgeting Discount Rates Under Inflation: A Caveat. Financial Practice Education, Vol. 2, Issue 1, pp. 31-35. Kinney, M.R., Raiborn, C.A., 2011. Cost Accounting – Foundations and Evolutions. 8 edn, South-Western Cengage Learning, Mason.